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A formation excavated into and across the side, or contour, of a cross slope to provide a stable outsloped full bench, half bench or partial bench, upon which a path surface is built. Depending on the angle of slope, the amount of excavation and use of excavated material varies. For steep side slopes greater than 50% (1:2), a full bench cut is more stable. Side slopes with moderate to steep gradients between 10% (1:10) to 50% (1:2), a half bench cut or partial bench cut are both suitable construction options.

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